The frequentist approach to probability is so called because it is the most frequently used approach to evaluating probability.
The Bayesian approach to inference reflects an individual's personal degree of belief in a hypothesis.
A prior probability which relates to a hypothesis takes precedence over all other probabilities about that hypothesis.
A posterior probability of a hypothesis is obtained by combining the prior probability of the hypothesis with the information obtained from the results of a study.
The likelihood of a hypothesis describes the plausibility of the hypothesis, given the observed results from the study.